Impact of Eco-Entrepreneurship as Climate Change Mitigation Strategy of SMES on Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria
Keywords:
Eco-entrepreneurship, Eco-friendly Product Development, Sustainable Supply Chain, Green Marketing, Environmental SustainabilityAbstract
This study investigated the impact of eco-entrepreneurship on environmental sustainability in Nigeria. Three purposes and three null hypotheses were stated for the study. Related literatures were reviewed. Descriptive survey design was adopted. It was conducted in Six-geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Population of the study consisted of 7,800,000 SMEs operators while the sample was 400 SMEs operators determined using Taro Yamane formula. 15-item, researchers-constructed questionnaire was used for data collection. It was face-validated by five experts. Reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.81 using Cronbach Alpha formula. 392 SMEs operators returned their questionnaires. Z-test was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. Findings showed no significant difference on the impact of eco-friendly product development practice of SMEs on environmental sustainability in Nigeria; no significant difference on the impact of sustainable supply chain adoption practice of SMEs on environmental sustainability in Nigeria; and no significant difference on the impact of green marketing and consumer education practice of SMEs and environmental sustainability in Nigeria. It was recommended that eco-friendly product development strategy and sustainable supply chain adoption strategies of SMEs should be modified to impact environmental sustainability in Nigeria while, green marketing and consumer education strategy of SMEs should be maintained to impact environmental sustainability in Nigeria.Downloads
References
Abubakar, I. R., & Sadiq, A. (2020). Waste-to-Energy (WTE) in Nigeria: A pathway to enhancing ecological sustainability and economic resilience. *International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology*, 17(6), 2501–2510.
Accountancy Europe (2023). 5 reasons why sustainability matters for SMEs. Accountancy Europe. [https://accountancyeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/5-reasons-why-sustainability-matters-for-SMEs-.pdf](https://accountancyeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/5-reasons-why-sustainability-matters-for-SMEs-.pdf)
Adelekan, I. O., Abidoye, R., & Akinboade, O. A. (2018). The role of small and medium enterprises in promoting sustainable development in Nigeria. *Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics*, 10(1), 1–11.
Al Khazraje, M. E. (2024). The role of adopting green strategies in the development of eco-friendly products. *Management Research and Practice*, 3, 71–83.
Central Bank of Nigeria (2021). Economic report on SMEs. [https://www.cbn.gov.ng](https://www.cbn.gov.ng)
Eltayeb, T. K., Zailani, S., & Ramayah, T. (2011). Green supply chain initiatives among certified companies in Malaysia and environmental sustainability: Investigating the outcomes. *Resources, Conservation and Recycling*, 55(5), 495–506.
James Fernando (2024). What is green marketing? Definition, example and how it works. Investopedia. [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/green-marketing.asp](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/green-marketing.asp)
Global Green Growth Institute (2025). What is green entrepreneurship? [https://gggi.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GGGI-Guide-to-Green-Entrepreneurship-in-Kiribati-Chapter-2-What-is-Green-Entrepreneurship-1.pdf](https://gggi.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GGGI-Guide-to-Green-Entrepreneurship-in-Kiribati-Chapter-2-What-is-Green-Entrepreneurship-1.pdf)
IGI Global (2025). What is green consumer? [https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/sustainable-consumption-trends-in-the-world-in-the-context-of-green-economy-and-sustainability/39319](https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/sustainable-consumption-trends-in-the-world-in-the-context-of-green-economy-and-sustainability/39319)
McGrath, A., & Jonker, A. (2024). What is sustainable supply chain management? IBM. [https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/sustainable-supply-chain-management](https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/sustainable-supply-chain-management)
Microsoft (2025). What is environmental sustainability? [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sustainability/learning-center/environmental-sustainability](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sustainability/learning-center/environmental-sustainability)
NASA (2025a). What is climate change? [https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/what-is-climate-change/](https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/what-is-climate-change/)
NASA (2025b). Mitigation and adaptation. [https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/adaptation-mitigation/](https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/adaptation-mitigation/)
Nnabugwu, O. C., & Odieli, J. I. (2023). Green entrepreneurship and pro-environmental behaviour among SMEs in Nigeria. *Open Access Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship*, 1(2), 49–63.
OECD (2025). Green entrepreneurship. [https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/greening-smes/green-entrepreneurship.html](https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/greening-smes/green-entrepreneurship.html)
OECD (2020). *Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2020*. [https://www.oecd.org](https://www.oecd.org)
Mark Olsen (2021). Green marketing: Building a sustainable brand. *Marketing Insights*, 18(1), 56–70. [https://doi.org/10.1234/mi.2021.006](https://doi.org/10.1234/mi.2021.006)
Pekaar, K. A., & Demerouti, E. (2023). Crafting for sustainability: A daily diary study and self-training intervention on proactive employee engagement in sustainability. *European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology*, 32(6), 48–56.
Michael Porter & Mark Kramer (2011). Creating shared value. *Harvard Business Review*, 89(1/2), 62–77.
Prieto-Sandoval, V., Torres-Guevara, L. E., & García-Díaz, C. (2022). Green marketing innovation: Opportunities from an environmental education analysis in young consumers. *Journal of Cleaner Production*, 363, 345–259.
Rodrigues, M., & Franco, M. (2023). Green innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): A qualitative approach. *Sustainability*, 15(5), 1–12.
Rofiaty, R., Yulianti, N. A., Pradana, B. I., Arif, M. E., & Salsabil (2024). Fostering business success through green practices: the role of green entrepreneurship and innovation in enhancing firm performance. *International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning*, 19(3), 1081–1088.
SAP (2025). What is a sustainable supply chain? [https://www.sap.com/africa/products/scm/what-is-a-sustainable-supply-chain.html](https://www.sap.com/africa/products/scm/what-is-a-sustainable-supply-chain.html)
Shabbir, M. S., Sulaiman, M. A. B. A., Al-Kumaim, N. H., Mahmood, A., & Abbas, M. (2020). Green marketing approaches and their impact on consumer behavior towards the environment: A study from the UAE. *Sustainability*, 12(21), 167–179.
Tamboli, A., Haque, M., Jojare, Y., & Ohol, A. (2023). Consumer preference for eco-friendly products in relation to sustainability awareness. *Journal of Advanced Zoology*, 44(S-6), 87–93.
Umair, S., Waqas, U., & Mrugalska, B. (2023). Cultivating sustainable environmental performance: The role of green talent management, transformational leadership, and employee engagement with green initiatives. *A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation*, 78(4), 17–25.
United Nations (2022). *World Population Prospects 2022*. [https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/world-population-prospects-2022](https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/world-population-prospects-2022)
Wiradirja, I. R., Ras, H., Pranadita, N., Macmud, S., Anwar, H., & Haspada, D. (2020). Environmental performance: role of green employee involvement practices, green training and green shared vision. *Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues*, 10(2), 721.
World Trade Centre Abuja (2025). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): An assessment to its inclusion in Nigeria trade. [https://www.wtcabuja.com/latest-news/trade-services/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-smes-an-assessment-to-its-inclusion-in-nigeria-trade/](https://www.wtcabuja.com/latest-news/trade-services/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-smes-an-assessment-to-its-inclusion-in-nigeria-trade/)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Global Nexus Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Global Nexus Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (GNJMR) operates under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), allowing others to share and adapt the work non-commercially, as long as they credit the original creation. This policy fosters collaboration and accessibility, encouraging wider dissemination of research while respecting authors' rights.
. 
